Overall, small ruminants are kept by the herders for the economic growth of the country through the proper collection of their primary by-products. The DAI/ACEBA project therefore has a focus on two typical main by-products of small ruminants (Wool & Cashmere) to create linkage between all the critical players involved in the value chains, by targeting livestock herders, traders, and processing companies. The original grant activity sought to strengthen the supply of quality goat cashmere and sheep wool for the Afghan cashmere and carpet value chains by improving awareness of good animal husbandry and herd improvement practices among Afghan herders. The sale of cashmere and wool is a significant source of income for men and women Afghans. However, a major constraint hindering the improvement of the quality and quantity with decreased revenue for herders is poor animal health and thus high mortality rates among goats and sheep.